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Piano to Forte - The History of How Piano Changed Music Regionals
Piano - Forte the history of how the piano changes the monochord was used by mathematicians for experiments on the relationship of mathematics and musical sounds the clavichord was the first known keyboard instrument the sandbox was rectangular with strings inside a brass clip that plucked the strings when a key was pressed produced the sounds the harpsichord was invented during the Baroque period of music in the 1600s it had a much larger case greater sound box and number of keys its volume was much greater than the clavichord but the sound produced by the harpsichord was harsh raw 90 metallic it was used often in orchestral works but solo performance was unsatisfactory
The pianoforte came quietly into existence around the year of 1700 by the hands of Bartolomeo Cristofori in the sleepy town of Padua Italy he invented the first piano almost entirely by himself the instrument resembled a harpsichord but had a larger case for much heavier strings when the key is pressed a hammer strikes the string which vibrates and produces the sound this sophisticated hammer action is the essence of the pianoforte along with its ability to create dynamic fluctuation by pressing the keys harder or softer an Italian piano means quiet and Forte means loud this is how the name pianoforte came into use because of the pianoforte z' ability to create loud and soft christopher finished his pianoforte design during the 1720s his piano was four octaves about half the octaves of the modern piano his design also included the use of dampers which silenced string once the key is no longer being pressed kristoforas design was not perfect it would take almost 200 years to perfect the pianoforte the Baroque period in Europe was between 1600 and 1700 and was characterized by music that was complex and highly ornamented organs and harpsichords were the two most popular keyboard instruments of the Baroque with the invention of the pianoforte music became much more simplistic because of the ability to play with different dynamics ornaments were no longer needed this was the beginning of the Classical period as kristoforas ideas spread across Europe inventors in the 1700s added to the pianoforte in order to make it sound bigger better and louder however some of these designs were not a success by 1800
The pianoforte had made its way to America where manufacturers such as Steinway & Sons Chickering in Boston Massachusetts and Weber began to take charge the Americans made some of the greatest improvements on the pianoforte soon the name pianoforte was declared too lengthy and was quickly shortened to simply piano by 1775 the original Christopher II style piano had spread into many countries now this original design was being converted into a much more usable form the Viennese piano had a light touch with a light hammer action which made it perfect for quick repeating notes often found in the works of a Hyden and Mozart the English piano had a much heavier hammer action and the touch was less elastic where the Viennese Vienna was fragile the English piano could be used in compositions with heavy crescendos and majestic chords within these categories different shapes of pianos were born the square piano was one of the most popular forms of the piano and the late 1700s and early 1800s
The square piano had the shape and construction of a clavichord and was created to take up less room in homes an iron frame for this piano was invented by 1825 so that the upper range of the piano could have heavy year stringing and cross stringing created extra room in the sound box Johann Schmidt of Salzburg Austria first produced the upright piano in 1780 around 1800 John Isaac Hawkins of Philadelphia Pennsylvania patented the upright piano with vertical strings the square piano stopped being manufactured because most people prefer the upright piano to the square piano by 1860 the uprights heavier frame and three strings per note produced a superior tone and durability compared has to be animals the upright piano was popular but had a stiff touch and the sound could not develop fully and freely because the strings were contained in the sound box today the upright piano is the most commonly used instrument in 1795 a piano with the same shape as the Christopher Reeve piano was invented but it had a superior sound quality
this was the grand piano the grand piano had a wing shape and a lid that directed the sound of the strings toward the audience therefore it was used mostly for virtuosos and concert halls by this time all piano manufacturers were building pianos with iron frames to better hold the strings and create a more durable piano Steinway & Sons patented the full iron frame grand piano with a cross trunk scale the modern concert grand piano is seven and one-third octaves and nine feet long it has an elastic easy touch and a full round tone some types of pianos that were experimented with along the way included the pyramid piano the upright Graham the giraffe piano and the cabinet piano the different pianos that were made through the gears were based on demands made by the virtuosos of the time period Johann Sebastian Bach wrote compositions for the pianoforte in its infancy Gottfried Silverman built pianos based on Bach's criticisms johann christian bach was one of the most relevant composers for piano at the time and created propaganda for the piano that made it popular wolfgang amadeus mozart began composing at the start of the Classical period
He wrote many symphonies orchestral and piano works mozart favoured the pianos made by johann andreas stein which were known for their elasticity their fragility and ability to play many quick notes in order Stein took suggestions from Mozart which made his piano some of the greatest ever made ludwig van beethoven's works for piano began in the style of Mozart and Haydn he also preferred the Stein piano as time went by Beethoven became more and more emotional in his piano works and these fragile pianos with limited octaves were not enough for him the compositions filling Beethoven's mind were strong Titanic and forceful this was the kind of piano he wanted finally Nanette Stryker a colleague of steins built Beethoven a six and a half octave piano which suited his needs the composer Franz Liszt was considered the Holy Terror for piano makers because his colossal technique and powerful stroke and the keys demanded exceptional construction once at a recital when he could not have the piano of his choice
The Hammers inside the piano were smashed during the first chords list required such strongly made pianos that many of the most prestigious piano manufacturers like Steinway and bows and/or fur switched to iron frames to suit his needs and earn his acclaim many other composers such as Clemente Kramer Leo Weber and Chopin invested money in their piano building company of choice so that they could have the perfect instrument desired for their art since then the piano has become a necessity of popular music from Scott Joplin's ragtime music to The Beatles rock and roll the piano has played an important role in the development of all modern music harold burrows roads first invented the electric keyboard in 1946 they had three and a half octaves and I felt like an acoustic piano with strings and a sound box but much smaller by 1965 fender and Rhodes had joined forces and created the suitcase 73 which was the first entirely electric keyboard between the years of 1965 and 1980
The electric keyboard flourished in popularity and in development the keyboards became less bulky and had better sound quality they were used in almost every musical performance now you can find electric keyboards in almost every style color and brand the piano of today continues to thrive as one of the most popular instruments to play in orchestras rock bands and as a solo instrument the composers that made use of the pianos potential still captivate us today in the simple music made beautiful by the pianos ability to create dynamic sound the modern grand piano is an essential instrument for every music hall its silhouette of sleek black creates a pure clear sound that surrounds both listener and pianist alike not only is the look and sound of the instrument important but also that it symbolizes a turning point in music history that has caused music to evolve into what it is today you.
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